Background of Study: Drug rationality is an important aspect to ensure the achievement of therapeutic effects and improve the quality of life of patients with the criteria of the right drug, right dose, right diagnosis and right indication. Meanwhile, thet use oft a drugt is saidt to bet irrationalt if thet possibilityt of negativet impactst receivedt by thet patientt is greatert than its benefitstt.
Aims and Scope of Paper: This study aimst to determine the descriptiont of the rationalityt of Denguet Hemorrhagict Fevert (DHF) treatment in hospitalized patients at RSI Siti Aisyah Madiun in terms of the right drug, right dose, right diagnosis, and right indication.
Method: The study used was an observationalt study conductedt retrospectively with univariate analysis and purposive sampling techniques.
Results: The use of drugs for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) from the electrolyte fluid group, namely asering infusion 22.56%, RL infusion 33.83%, NS infusion 23.31%, D5 infusion 0.45% 20.30%, and for the antipyretic group, namely paracetamol 100%, for the antiemetic group, namely ondansetron 67.67%, metoclopramide 32.33% while from the supplement and vitamin group, namely curcuma 77.44% and psidii 22.56%. The rationality of drug use includes 100% correct drug, 97.74% correct dose, and 100% correct diagnosis and 100% correct indication.
Conclusion: Based on the variables tested, thet rationalityt of the uset of drugs for Dengue Hemorrhagict Fevert (DHF) has met the criteria for rationality of treatment.

Background of study: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical global health threat, diminishing the efficacy of existing antibiotics and complicating the management of infectious diseases. Medicinal plants remain an invaluable source of new antimicrobial agents. The Fabaceae family is abundantly represented across Northern Nigeria and forms a cornerstone of ethnomedicine for treating bacterial and fungal infections. However, scientific evidence on their antimicrobial activities remains fragmented.
Aim and scope of paper: This systematic review synthesizes evidence (2018–2025) on the antimicrobial activities of selected Fabaceae species found in Northern Nigeria.
Methods: Using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, AJOL, and SpringerLink. Peer-reviewed experimental studies evaluating antimicrobial activities of Fabaceae plants native to or present in Northern Nigeria were included. Data were narratively synthesized due to methodological heterogeneity.
Results: Thirty eligible studies were identified, covering Parkia biglobosa, Tamarindus indica, Acacia senegal, Acacia nilotica, Prosopis juliflora, Senna alata, Erythrina senegalensis, Tephrosia vogelii, Cassia fistula, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Pterocarpus tinctorius, and Bauhinia species. Extracts especially methanolic and ethanolic showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities, with inhibition zones ranging from 12–30 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 0.25–4 mg/mL. Some species exhibit exhibits and virulence-attenuating effects.
Conclusion: Fabaceae plants in Northern Nigeria demonstrate substantial antimicrobial potential and warrant deeper investigation for drug development. Future research should focus on bioactive compound isolation, mechanistic elucidation, toxicity assessment, and in vivo validation.

Background of study: Diabetes is caused by metabolic disorders that result in high blood glucose levels due to insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. This disease can trigger serious psychological, social, and physical problems and increase the risk of kidney and liver disease. Insulin resistance exacerbates liver damage through hyperinsulinemia and oxidative stress, which also affects kidney function. Research on acarbose suggests its potential to reduce diabetes complications, including liver and kidney dysfunction.
Aims and scope of paper: This study aims to determine the effect of acarbose on blood glucose levels in diabetic rats with induced liver and kidney dysfunction using an in vivo experimental model.
Methods: This study is an in vivo experiment using a male white rat (Rattus norvegicus) as a subject. The study began with acclimatization of mice, followed by induction with aloxan, CCl4, and gentamicin, and observation for 7 days. After that, the mice were given acarbose suspension according to the test group, and blood samples were analyzed.
Result: The results showed that acarbose was effective in lowering blood sugar levels in diabetic and liver-dysfunction mice, but had no effect in kidney-dysfunction mice because there was no kidney damage.
Conclusion: acarbose significantly lowered blood sugar levels in mice with diabetes and liver dysfunction, but not in those with kidney dysfunction.

Background of study: Luteolin and its glycoside derivatives from natural sources possess potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, yet their multi-target mechanisms remain incompletely characterized.
Aims and scope of paper: This study aimed to systematically elucidate the multi-target pharmacological mechanisms of three luteolin glycoside compounds (Luteolin 7-apiosyl(1→6)glucoside, Luteolin 7-sambubioside, and Luteolin 7-primeveroside) extracted via NaDES technology using integrated network pharmacology approaches, focusing on identification of core therapeutic targets and pathways modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.
Method: Comprehensive network pharmacology analysis was conducted through: (1) target prediction via TargetNet and Swiss Target Prediction platforms; (2) protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction using STRING database; (3) disease-associated gene identification through GeneCards; (4) topological centrality analysis using Cytoscape with CytoNCA plugin. Hub proteins were prioritized based on degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality measures.
Result: Network analysis identified 40 predicted targets with 5-6 intersection genes per compound. Venn diagram analysis revealed TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) as the critical hub protein (degree centrality 3.0, betweenness centrality 7.0), establishing a TNF-XDH-CYP1A2-ALOX15 integrated regulatory axis. Luteolin 7-apiosyl(1→6)glucoside and Luteolin 7-primeveroside demonstrated highest potency with 6 intersection targets, while Luteolin 7-sambubioside exhibited selective oxidative stress pathway.
Conclusion: Network pharmacology analysis successfully elucidated the integrated TNF-XDH-CYP1A2-ALOX15 axis as a core mechanism through which luteolin glycosides coordinately modulate inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. These findings provide mechanistic validation for therapeutic potential in chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. Future experimental validation is essential to translate these predictions into clinical therapeutic applications.

Background of study: Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) is known for being rich in vitamin C, B1, B6, and folic acid, and it possesses strong antioxidant properties effective against free radicals, which can cause cellular damage and lead to degenerative diseases.
Aims and scope of paper: This study focuses on testing the antioxidant activity of made from pineapple kombucha extract
Methods: The research scope includes preparing pineapple samples and producing kombucha through a 14-day fermentation process. The antioxidant activity of the kombucha is then tested using the DPPH method, with the IC₅₀ value serving as an indicator of antioxidant capacity
Result: A lower IC₅₀ value corresponds to higher antioxidant activity, and it was found that pineapple kombucha exhibits stronger antioxidant activity (IC50 7.51 μg/ml) compared to regular kombucha (IC₅₀ 39.46 μg/ml). This enhancement is due to the increased phenolic content and vitamin C during fermentation. The process of making pineapple kombucha involves boiling 2 liters of mineral water, adding 6 tea bags (10 grams) and 500 grams of sugar, then pouring the mixture into a growth jar. After cooling, 2 pieces of SCOBY are added, and the mixture is fermented for 14 days. Previous studies have demonstrated that regular kombucha tea has strong antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 39.46 μg/ml. However, pineapple kombucha shows even higher antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 7.51 μg/ml.
Conclusion: This suggests that adding pineapple to kombucha not only enhances its flavor but also significantly increases its health benefits by boosting its antioxidant activity.