Antibacterial Activity NaDES Zwitterion Melastoma malabathricum L. Leaves Microwave Assisted extraction (MAE) results Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
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Abstract:
Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance is a challenge in controlling Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infections, so it is necessary to search for new antibacterial candidates from local medicinal plants. Indonesia has high biodiversity, one of which is the senduduk plant (Melastoma malabathricum L.) which has been used as a traditional medicine by the community.
Aims : To evaluate the antibacterial activity of senduduk leaves extract (Melastoma malabathricum L.) obtained through environmentally friendly extraction (Green Extraction).
Methods: The extraction process used the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method with a solvent made from a Zwitterion-based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NaDES).This solvent is made by mixing betaine, which acts as a Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA), with lactic acid, which acts as a Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD). The amounts of these two components were tested in different ratios: 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. Antibacterial tests were done against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method, and each test was repeated three times.
Result: The extract prepared using the 1:5 molar ratio exhibited the highest antibacterial activity with a very strong inhibition zone category in both test bacteria, with an average value of inhibition zone diameter of 22.46 mm in Staphylococcus aureus and an average value of inhibition zone diameter of 20.66 mm in Escherichia coli. This result was higher compared to the molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:3, which only reached the category of strong inhibition zones.
Conclusion: The MAE method with NaDES solvent is an effective method in developing the potential of senduduk leaves as a natural antibacterial agent.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Green Extraction, Melastoma malabathricum L., NaDES
Copyright (c) 2026 M Khautal Abqori, Nurhayati
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