Bioactivity of Zwitterion Green Solvent Antioxidants With The Mae Method of Senduduk Leaf (Melastoma malabathricum L.) and Identification Of Bioactive Compounds With LC-MS/MS
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Abstract:
Background: Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.) is a medicinal plant commonly found in Indonesia and traditionally used as an antibacterial, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing agent. This potential encourages the development of more innovative and environmentally friendly natural-based pharmaceutical preparations.
Aims: This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of NaDES zwitterion extract of senduduk leaves using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method and to identify bioactive compounds using LC-MS/MS analysis.
Methods: Extraction was carried out using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NaDES) consisting of betaine as Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA) and lactic acid as Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) with a mole ratio of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5. The extraction process was carried out using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method with variations in power and extraction time. The antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method with the determination of IC50 values , while compound identification was carried out using LC-MS/MS.
Result: The results showed that the extract was liquid, yellowish brown, reddish, to blackish in color with a distinctive aroma. The pH value of the extract was 3.44 ( 1:1), 2.85 (1:3), and 2.59 (1:5) which were classified as acidic. The antioxidant activity showed a very strong category with an IC₅₀ value of (2.35 µg /mL), approaching ascorbic acid of (2.21µg/mL). LC-MS/MS analysis identified 20 chemical compounds consisting of carbohydrates, alkaloids, as well as amino acids and peptides which also play a role as antioxidants.
Conclusion: NaDES zwitterion extract of senduduk leaves using the MAE method has very strong antioxidant activity and contains potential bioactive compounds that can be utilized in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, IC50, LC-MS/MS, Melastoma
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahra Fitriani, Deny Sutrisno
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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