Background: Nursing supervision is a pivotal managerial instrument for determining quality of care, yet its implementation remains fragmented across primary care, emergency departments, nursing homes, clinical education, newly graduated nurse orientation, and operating rooms, resulting in inconsistent outcomes.
Aims: To synthesize recent empirical evidence (2021–2026) on the conceptualization, barriers and facilitators, and innovative strategies in nursing supervision.
Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines using PubMed (n=143), PubMed Central (n=961), and ScienceDirect (n=2,552), yielding 3,656 records. After filtering (2021–2026, open access), 415 records remained; 386 unique records were screened, with 142 eligible after title and abstract screening. Full-text assessment excluded 130 records (macro-level hospital management = 120; irrelevant outcomes = 8; non-empirical = 2), resulting in 12 studies for synthesis.
Results: Thematic synthesis identified nursing supervision as a dual construct: power repressive-disciplinary and productive-supportive, influenced by structural-organizational gaps, resource constraints, supervisor competence and readiness, and relational-communicative dynamics. Quantitative evidence involving 495 clinical mentors across 30 hospitals showed that institutional psychological support and formal training were independently associated with improved mentoring motivation, attitudes, and practices (OR=2.908; 95% CI=1.430–5.913; p=0.003). Innovations included the Johari-window-based self-awareness model, Severinsson’s Nursing Supervision Model, reflective group supervision in clinical orientation, and validated non-technical skills instruments (inter-rater reliability 0.83–0.91), complementing gamification and the 3V6W framework.
Conclusion: Effective nursing supervision requires a shift from vertical control to horizontal dialogue, supported by institutional investment, continuous formal training, standardized instruments, and educational technology.

Background: Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in hospital settings due to the complexity of healthcare services, high workloads, and interprofessional interactions. Effective conflict management strategies are essential to maintain a positive work environment, improve nursing performance, and ensure quality patient care.
Aims: This study aimed to identify and analyze conflict management strategies used by nurses in hospital settings based on current scientific evidence.
Methods: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature was searched through Dimensions AI, PubMed, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2020 and 2026. After the screening and eligibility process, 19 original research articles were included and analyzed using descriptive synthesis.
Result: The review found that collaborating was the most frequently applied conflict management strategy, followed by compromising, accommodating, avoiding, and competing. Strategy selection was influenced by emotional intelligence, ethical leadership, communication skills, moral competence, work experience, and organizational culture. Collaborative strategies were consistently associated with improved teamwork, conflict resolution, and nursing performance.
Conclusion: Collaborative conflict management is the predominant strategy used by nurses in hospitals. Strengthening communication, leadership, and interpersonal competencies can enhance nurses' ability to manage workplace conflicts effectively and improve the quality of nursing care.

Background: Conflict is a common issue in hospital settings due to multidisciplinary collaboration, high workloads, ineffective communication, and organizational complexity. Poor conflict management may negatively affect teamwork, healthcare quality, and patient safety. Therefore, understanding effective conflict management strategies is essential for improving healthcare services.
Aims: This study aimed to identify and synthesize evidence regarding conflict management strategies implemented in hospital settings and their impact on patient safety outcomes.
Methods: A Hybrid Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Articles published between 2021 and 2026 were searched through ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Dimensions AI. After screening based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 eligible studies were included and analyzed descriptively, while bibliometric mapping was performed using VOSviewer.
Results: The review demonstrated that effective communication, teamwork, leadership support, conflict management training, role clarification, collaborative problem-solving, and evidence-based decision-making were the most effective strategies for managing workplace conflict. These strategies improved interprofessional collaboration, strengthened patient safety culture, reduced workplace stress, and enhanced healthcare service quality.
Conclusion: Effective conflict management is essential for improving teamwork and patient safety in hospital settings. Hospitals should strengthen organizational support, provide regular conflict management training, and promote open communication to improve healthcare quality and patient safety.